Ductile Iron Machine Components

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Ductile Iron Machine Components play an important role in the core load-bearing components of machine tools due to their excellent comprehensive performance. The main grades are QT450-10, QT500-7, QT600-3, etc. Through the unique structure of spherical graphite, a balance between strength and toughness is achieved.

Compared with gray cast iron, ductile iron has a tensile strength increase of over 40%, an elongation rate of up to 10%, and can withstand greater impact loads and alternating stresses. This characteristic makes it suitable for components such as machine tool spindle boxes, gearbox boxes, and crossbeams that require complex force systems. When the spindle box is running at high speeds, ductile iron can resist the radial and axial forces generated by gear meshing, avoiding deformation of the box that affects spindle accuracy; As a load-bearing structure connecting the columns, the bending resistance of the crossbeam directly determines the processing range of the machine tool. The yield strength of ductile iron (≥ 310MPa) can meet the support requirements of large workpieces.

In terms of manufacturing process, nodular cast iron parts require strict control over spheroidization treatment and inoculation treatment. Spheroidizing agents (such as magnesium alloys and rare earth ferrosilicon) should be evenly distributed to ensure a graphite spheroidization rate of ≥ 85%; The incubation treatment involves adding ferrosilicon alloy to refine the grain size and improve the uniformity of the casting structure. Resin sand molding is commonly used in casting, combined with negative pressure casting technology to reduce porosity. Large components (such as gantry milling machine crossbeams) also require secondary aging treatment to eliminate casting stress.

Quality control focuses on key mechanical properties and dimensional accuracy. Ensure that the tensile strength and elongation meet the standards through tensile testing, and control the hardness within HB170-230; The roundness error of the processed spindle hole is ≤ 0.01mm, and the flatness of the gearbox positioning surface is ≤ 0.02mm/1000mm.

In applications, ductile iron components can balance rigidity and impact resistance. For example, when QT600-3 material is used for the column of the machining center, the dynamic stiffness is increased by 25%, and the amplitude during high-speed cutting is controlled within 0.005mm, providing a stable foundation for precision machining and becoming an important material choice for upgrading high-end machine tools.