Machine tool casting

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Machine tool castings refer to various metal castings used in machine tool manufacturing, mainly including machine tool bed, worktable, column, crossbeam, gantry top connecting beam and other components. These castings play an important role in the construction of machine tools, not only affecting their stability and practicality, but also directly related to machining accuracy and speed.

Preparation work before casting machine tool castings:

1、 Mold design and manufacturing

1. Mold is a key tool in the casting process, and its design needs to consider factors such as the shape, size, material, and casting process of the casting.

2. Mold manufacturing requires determining dimensional accuracy and surface smoothness in order to obtain high-quality castings.

2、 Raw material selection and processing

1. Machine tool castings are usually made of materials such as gray cast iron and ductile iron, which have good properties, shock absorption, and processability.

2. The raw materials need to undergo strict chemical composition analysis and quality control to ensure that the performance of the castings meets the requirements.

3、 Styling and Core Manufacturing

1. Modeling is the process of filling the mold cavity with sand, metal, or other fire-resistant materials before injecting molten metal into the mold.

2. Core making is to form the inner cavity, holes and other structures of castings, and it is necessary to make sand cores that match the shape of the inner cavity of the casting.

The casting process for machine tool castings is as follows:

1、 Melting and pouring

1. Melting is the process of heating raw materials to a molten state, which requires controlling the melting temperature and time to obtain a uniform melt.

2. Pouring is the process of injecting molten metal into the mold cavity, which requires controlling the pouring temperature and speed to determine the quality of the casting.

3. The pouring system includes straight runners, horizontal runners, internal runners, and other parts, which need to be designed correctly to ensure smooth filling of the molten metal and avoid casting defects.

2、 Casting method

1. Sand casting: is one of the commonly used casting methods, suitable for castings of various shapes and sizes. Sand casting has the advantages of reasonable cost and flexible process.

2. Special casting: including investment casting, shell casting, ceramic casting, metal casting, pressure casting, low-pressure casting, centrifugal casting, continuous casting, etc. These methods have unique advantages in certain aspects, such as good dimensional accuracy and good surface quality.

3、 Prevention and Control of Casting Defects

1. Casting defects mainly include pores, shrinkage cavities, porosity, cracks, sand inclusions, etc. These defects can affect the performance and service life of castings.

2. To prevent and control casting defects, a series of measures need to be taken, such as optimizing mold design, strictly controlling raw material quality, correctly setting the pouring system, and increasing exhaust measures.

Processing of machine tool castings after casting

1. Heat treatment. Heat treatment is one of the important processes for improving the performance of castings. Through processes such as heating, insulation, and cooling, the microstructure inside the casting can be altered, thereby improving its mechanical, physical, and chemical properties. Common heat treatment processes include annealing, normalizing, quenching, and tempering. These processes need to be selected and applied according to the material and performance requirements of the castings.

2. Cleaning and inspection. Castings need to be cleaned after casting to remove surface impurities such as sand particles and oxides. Cleaning methods include sandblasting, shot blasting, etc. Castings must undergo strict inspection to ensure that their dimensional accuracy, surface quality, and internal quality meet the requirements. The inspection methods include visual inspection, dimensional measurement, non-destructive testing, etc.

3. Mechanical processing and surface treatment. To meet the usage requirements, castings usually require mechanical processing such as milling, drilling, grinding, etc. Mechanical processing requires determining the machining accuracy and surface quality. The surface of castings can be treated by spraying, electroplating and other surface treatments to enhance their corrosion resistance and aesthetics.