Sand Casting Parts for Machine Tools

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Sand casting parts for machine tools refer to machine tool components manufactured using sand casting technology. The following will introduce their characteristics, common types, production processes, and other dimensions:

characteristic

Low cost: The molding materials used in sand casting, such as molding sand and core sand, are cheap and easy to obtain, the production equipment is relatively simple, the investment cost is low, and there is no need to use expensive molds and equipment like other special casting methods.

Simple process: Sand casting process is relatively easy to operate, requires relatively low technical level of workers, and can adapt to the production of various complex shapes of machine tool components. From simple block structures to complex inner cavity and curved structures, they can all be achieved through reasonable molding processes.

Short production cycle: Compared with some complex casting processes, sand casting has a shorter production process, requiring relatively less time from mold making to casting. It can quickly respond to market demand and is particularly suitable for the production of small batches and multiple varieties of machine tool castings.

Excellent performance: Sand castings for machine tools usually have good wear resistance, shock absorption, and dimensional stability. For example, machine tool bed castings made of gray cast iron have good wear resistance due to their high carbon content and graphite structure, which is conducive to lubrication and oil storage. At the same time, the presence of graphite also makes their shock absorption better than steel.

Common types

Bed: It is the basic component of a machine tool, used to support and install other parts, requiring high strength, stiffness, and stability to ensure the accuracy and normal operation of the machine tool.

Workbench: It is a platform for machine tool machining workpieces, which requires good flatness and wear resistance, and can withstand the weight of the workpiece and cutting forces during the machining process.

Column: Generally used to support components such as crossbeams or sliding seats, with high requirements for its verticality and stability to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the machine tool during the machining process.

Beam: Connecting columns, used for installing cutting tools or other processing devices, requiring sufficient strength and rigidity to ensure smoothness during the processing.

Longmen top connecting beam: In gantry type machine tools, it is used to connect the top of the gantry frame and strengthen the stability of the gantry structure.

Production process

Styling: including handmade styling and machine styling. Handmade modeling has high flexibility and is suitable for single piece and small batch production; The machine has high efficiency in shaping, high dimensional accuracy, and is suitable for large-scale production. Fill the molding sand into the mold or template, and make the sand mold by compacting, demoulding, and other operations.

Core making: According to the structure and requirements of the casting, sand cores are made to form the internal cavity, holes, and other structures of the casting. The commonly used core making methods include hot core box method, cold core box method, etc., which can improve the dimensional accuracy and strength of sand cores.

Melting and casting: The selected metal materials such as gray cast iron, ductile iron, etc. are placed in a furnace and heated to melt. After reaching the specified temperature and composition requirements, the liquid metal is poured into a sand mold, and the liquid metal is cooled and solidified in the sand mold to form a casting.

Sanding and cleaning: After the casting has cooled to a certain temperature, it is removed from the sand mold to remove the sand mold and core, and then cleaned, including removing sprues, burrs, burrs, and burrs, to achieve the required size and surface quality of the casting.

Heat treatment: In order to improve the microstructure and properties of castings, eliminate casting stress, and enhance their hardness, strength, toughness, etc., it is necessary to perform appropriate heat treatment on castings, such as annealing, normalizing, tempering, etc.