Steel Castings for CNC Bases

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The Steel Castings for CNC Bases are the core load-bearing components that support the accuracy and stability of the entire machine, especially suitable for heavy-duty and ultra heavy CNC machine tools. The materials used are mostly carbon cast steel such as ZG230-450 and ZG310-570, or alloy cast steel such as ZG40Cr and ZG35CrMo. With their high strength and rigidity, they meet the load-bearing requirements in heavy-duty cutting scenarios.

Compared with gray cast iron or ductile iron, the tensile strength of cast steel parts can reach 450-700MPa, the yield strength exceeds 230MPa, and can withstand the heavy pressure of tens of tons of workpieces and the impact force generated by severe cutting. For example, in heavy-duty CNC lathes for processing large wind turbine flanges, cast steel bases need to support a workpiece weight of over 50 tons, and their deformation resistance is 1.5-2 times that of cast iron, ensuring that the straightness error of the guide rail surface does not exceed 0.03mm/m after long-term use.

In terms of manufacturing process, cast steel parts need to undergo strict melting and pouring control. Using electric arc furnace or medium frequency furnace for melting, ensuring the purity of the molten steel (sulfur and phosphorus content ≤ 0.03%), and reducing porosity and inclusions through deoxidation treatment; Large base castings are often cast using resin sand molds, combined with a stepped pouring system to achieve sequential solidification and avoid shrinkage defects. After casting, it is necessary to carry out normalizing and tempering treatment to eliminate network carbides and casting stress, so as to uniformly control the hardness within HB180-220.

Quality control focuses on internal quality and dimensional accuracy. Internal defects are detected through ultrasonic testing, and key load-bearing areas must meet the Level II testing standard; The flatness of the flat surface on the processed base should be ≤ 0.05mm/1000mm, and the roughness of the joint surface with the column should be controlled below Ra3.2 μ m. In addition, it is necessary to further stabilize the dimensions through aging treatment to ensure that the base deformation is ≤ 0.01mm/m when the ambient temperature changes by ± 10 ℃.

In applications, cast steel bases provide a rigid foundation for CNC machine tools. For example, the cast steel base of a five axis linkage heavy-duty machining center can control the amplitude within 0.002mm at a spindle speed of 10000r/min, and its dynamic stiffness is 30% higher than that of a cast iron base, providing reliable support for high-precision machining and becoming a key support for heavy-duty CNC machine tools to achieve high load and high-speed machining.